Innovation: Is the EIghth District Catching Up with the Nation?

ENDNOTES

1

See Carlino et al. (2001).

2

See LaFountain (2002) and Hanson (2000).

3

See Hall, Jaffe and Trajtenberg (2001).

4

Patent counts are aggregated in Hall, Jaffe and Trajtenberg (2001) into the following categories: chemical, computers and communications, drugs and medical, electrical and electronics, mechanical and others.

5

We matched city names in the inventors address file to a list of places in the Federal Information Processing Standards Publication 55 from the National Institute of Standards and Technology. We used the Metaphone phonetic-matching algorithm developed by Lawrence Philips (1990) to allow for differences in spelling and typographical mistakes in the inventors source file.

6

Although the database includes a field for the state, some of the patents could not be matched to a city name in the District states. These patents were left out of the analysis.

7

This measure is sometimes referred to as the innovation rate.

8

See Ceh (2001).

REFERENCES

Carlino, Gerald; Chatterjee, Satyajit; and Hunt, Robert. “Knowledge Spillovers and the New Economy of Cities.” Working Paper No. 01-14, Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia, 2001.

Ceh, Brian. “Regional Innovation Potential in the United States: Evidence of Spatial Transformation.” Papers in Regional Science, 2001, Vol. 80,
pp. 297-316.

Hanson, Gordon H. “Scale Economies and the Geographic Concentration of Industry.” National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper No. 8013, 2000.

LaFountain, Courtney. “Where Do Firms Locate? Testing Competing Models of Agglomeration.” Unpublished Manuscript, Washington University, 2002.

Hall, Bronwyn H.; Jaffe, Adam B.; and Trajtenberg, Manuel. “The NBER Patent Citations Data File: Lessons, Insights and Methodological Tools.” National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper No. 8498, 2001.

Philips, Lawrence. “Hanging on the Metaphone.” Computer Language, 1990, Vol. 7, No. 12, pp. 39-43.