publications
William Poole
President's Message: Reflections of a Monetary Policymaker
The Regional Economist | April 2008
President's Message: Bailing Out the Markets Is Not a Goal of Fed Policy
The Regional Economist | January 2008
Greatly Strengthened Banking System Aided Economy Since Early 1990s
In his final Feditorial for Central Banker, retiring Fed President Bill Poole discusses how a strong and well-capitalized banking system subject to well-designed prudential supervision has increased the economy’s resilience.
By William Poole and David C. Wheelock
The Regional Economist | January 2008
Conventional wisdom holds that if policymakers are too focused on controlling inflation, then employment, output growth and financial stability will suffer. But the conventional wisdom is wrong, according to the data.
President's Message: Nonprime Mortgage Woes—How We Got There, Where To Go Next
The Regional Economist | October 2007
President's Message: Driving Home the Responsibilities of a Policymaker
The Regional Economist | July 2007
President's Message: Decline in Labor Force Participation Could Lower Standard of Living
The Regional Economist | April 2007
Expanded Mission Means a Sturdier Stool
Bank President Bill Poole examines how the St. Louis Fed has expanded our mission to include two important functions.
President's Message: Industry Councils Bring Firsthand Insights to Our Regional Economic Outlook
The Regional Economist | January 2007
President's Message: “Core” or “Total” Inflation—Which Is the Fed’s Focus?
The Regional Economist | October 2006
President's Message: Slowdown in Housing Won’t Shut Down Economic Growth
The Regional Economist | July 2006
How Dangerous Is the U.S. Current Account Deficit?
By Cletus C. Coughlin Michael R. Pakko, and William Poole,
The Regional Economist | April 2006
Although this deficit has been rising steadily since the early 1990s, a “hard landing” for the U.S. economy is unlikely. One reason is that only in the United States can so many foreigners invest so much money and get such good returns.
President's Message: Wal-Mart Application Focuses Spotlight on Industrial Loan Companies
The Regional Economist | April 2006
President's Message: Colleges Need To Learn about Productivity
The Regional Economist | January 2006
Stop Paying More for Less: Ways to Boost Productivity in Higher Education
By Thomas A. Garrett and William Poole
The Regional Economist | January 2006
College tuition has increased dramatically over the past decade, yet few think the quality of graduates has kept up. Decentralizing the administration and privatizing such things as housing and food service would boost productivity, as would ditching tenure and improving teaching.
President's Message: Despite Flaws, CAFTA Is Step in Right Direction
The Regional Economist | October 2005
President's Message: Latest Oil “Shock” Differs Significantly from Those of the ’70s
The Regional Economist | July 2005
President's Message: Basel II—Good for Banks, Good for Financial Stability
The Regional Economist | April 2005
The Real Population Problem: Too Few Working, Too Many Retired
By William Poole and David C. Wheelock
The Regional Economist | April 2005
It's not the total number of people that should be causing worry, but the number of retired people relative to those still working. Across the world, the ranks of retirees are swelling as the ranks of those working—and paying taxes to support retirees—are not keeping up. Something—or someone—has got to give.
President's Message: Volcker’s Handling of the Great Inflation Taught Us Much
The Regional Economist | January 2005
President's Message: "Offshoring" of Jobs Opens Doors to Other Opportunities
The Regional Economist | October 2004
Entrepreneurs in the U.S. Face Less Red Tape
By William Poole and Howard J. Wall
The Regional Economist | October 2004
Government red tape is minimal for those starting a business in this country compared with many other places around the globe. It is this relatively unfettered policy environment that allows our strong entrepreneurial spirit to flourish.
Feditorial: Interactive Features on Our Web Site Enhance Two-Way Communication
President's Message: Productivity Is the Gift That Keeps On Giving
The Regional Economist | July 2004
President's Message: Pension Reform Is Needed Now
The Regional Economist | April 2004
President's Message: Check 21 Will Lead to Savings of Time, Money
The Regional Economist | January 2004
President's Message: Lessons from Japan
The Regional Economist | October 2003
President's Message: Putting War to the Cost/Benefit Test
The Regional Economist | July 2003
What Should a Central Bank Look Like?
By William T. Gavin and William Poole
The Regional Economist | July 2003
To figure out what a central bank should look like, consider that most have three features in common: independence, transparency and a goal of low and stable inflation.
President's Message: Tracking the U.S. Dollar
The Regional Economist | April 2003
President's Message: The Fed Lends a Helping Hand—and Sometimes a Push
The Regional Economist | January 2003
Anecdotes Help Fed to Steer the Economy
By William Poole and Howard J. Wall
The Regional Economist | October 2002
Formal data don’t tell policy-makers everything they need to know about the economy. The Federal Open Market Committee also pays attention to anecdotes gathered from the front lines of business.
President's Message: To Sustain Financial Stability
The Regional Economist | October 2002
President's Message: Untold Story of FOMC: Secrecy Is Exaggerated
The Regional Economist | July 2002
President's Message: Deflating Expectations About Falling Prices
The Regional Economist | April 2002
President's Message: Checks Lose Market Share to Electronic Payments—and the Economy Gains
The Regional Economist | January 2002
Feditorial: Economic Forecasts: Is It Possible to Predict the Future?
Most economists have about as much confidence in economic forecasts as they do in forecasts about the local weather.
Feditorial: Banks and the Fed Must Work Together During a Crisis
President's Message: Despite Dark Events, Prospects Remain Bright
The Regional Economist | October 2001
President's Message: Blackouts in California Shouldn't Cause Panic Here
The Regional Economist | July 2001
Feditorial: CRA in a Changed Financial Marketplace
President's Message: Recession Fears May Be Overstated
The Regional Economist | April 2001
President's Message: Predicting the Fed
The Regional Economist | January 2001
President's Message: Monetary Policy in the New Economy
The Regional Economist | October 2000
President's Message: When Politics Makes No Bedfellows
The Regional Economist | July 2000
President's Message: Fed Challenge—Beyond the Briefcase
The Regional Economist | April 2000
President's Message: Modernization for the New Millennium
The Regional Economist | January 2000
Price Stability And The Rising Tide: How Low Inflation Lifts All Ships
By William Poole and Howard J. Wall
The Regional Economist | January 2000
The low and stable inflation that the Fed has relentlessly pursued over the past decade or so has buoyed virtually all demographic groups, enabling most Americans to do a lot more than just keep their heads above water.
Feditorial: Y2K: A Post-Mortem
Outcome was well worth the expense and effort.
President's Message: How Long Can The Expansion Continue?
The Regional Economist | October 1999
Feditorial: Rising to the Challenge of Economic Education
To live independently, a person must know the basics.
President's Message: Why Y2K Is A Blessing, Not A Curse
The Regional Economist | July 1999
Feditorial: Providing a Bridge to the Community
President's Message: What's in a Name? Regional, and Lots of It
The Regional Economist | April 1999
President's Message: On Spreads and Recessions
The Regional Economist | January 1999
President's Message: It's A Small World, After All
The Regional Economist | October 1998
Feditorial: Stability of Banks Cushions Shocks from Afar
The Russian default suddenly changed the financial landscape.
President's Message: The Importance of Economic Education
The Regional Economist | July 1998
Feditorial: Ducking Those Questions
Every member of the FOMC shares a deep committment to long-term low inflation.
President's Message: Learning to Talk Fed-Speak
The Regional Economist | April 1998








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